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Comparative Archaeology Database, University of Pittsburgh
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Trapiche Itapalluni Colonial Mining Dataset |
The data files FAUNAL.CSV and FAUNAL.XSLX provide information on faunal remains recovered through excavations carried out at the Trapiche site. FAUNAL.CSV is a comma delimited UTF-8 CSV file; FAUNAL.XSLX contains the same data in the form of an Excel spreadsheet. Each line in the CSV file represents one element of a single taxa recovered from a particular context. There are 496 lines, each with 58 variables separated by commas. The variables are listed in the following order:
| 1 | Box N°: Numerical ID of box in which fragment of faunal remains was kept. |
| 2 | Inventory N°: A unique inventory number given to a bag. Numbered with the year of excavation (2018), followed by a unique number in sequential order. Note: Numbers were not given in any particular order, just in the way they were processed in the laboratory. |
| 3 | Collection Type: Excavation or floatation. |
| 4 | Screen Size: Size of screen used to extract faunal remains. |
| 5 | Sampling Type: Judgemental or systematic |
| 6 | Sector: The site of Trapiche was divided into 3 sectors: A, B, and C. |
| 7 | Locus.: Each individual context (level, feature, wall, etc.) was given a unique locus number. |
| 8 | Patio/ Recinto: Each unit was placed within a recinto (building) or a patio. |
| 9 | U.E.: Excavation Units 4-25, without a 5 or 22. Each unit without a cuad extension is 1x1m. |
| 10 | Cuad.: If the unit had a 1x1m extension, it was given the designation Cuad 1. Additional extensions were numbered sequentially (2, 3, …). |
| 11 | U.C.: Collection Unit. For surface collection only. Done through a series of 2m x 2m mapped surface units. |
| 12 | Depth (cm b.d.): How many cm below datum was the Locus. |
| 13 | Type of Context: Either from living floor, collapse, midden, etc. |
| 14 | Bag N°: The first number of the bag number is the Locus. Then bags were numbered sequentially within each Locus. For example, within Locus 100, bags were numbered as such: Locus 100-1 for lithics, Locus 100-2 for botanicals, Locus 100-3 for fauna, Locus 100-4 for soil sample, etc.). |
| 15 | Bag _ of _: This indicates if there were multiple bags for the same sample. |
| 16 | Total Bag Count: Number of faunal remains in bag. |
| 17 | Total Bag Weight (g): Total weight of all material within a bag. |
| 18 | Excavators' Initials: Initials of excavator |
| 19 | Date excavated (DD,MM,YY) |
| 20 | Analysts' Initials |
| 21 | Date analyzed (DD,MM,YY) |
| 22 | Class: Mammalia, Mammalia (small), Aves, Aves (small), Reptilia, Chondricthyes, Actinoterygii
** small mammal refers to rodents, rabbits, etc. ** small bird refers to small perching birds, etc. |
| 23 | Taxon: Artiodactyla, Camelidae, Cervidae, Rodentia, Caprinae, Cavia porcellus, Canidae, Tayassuidae, UID |
| 24 | Common Name: common animal name (sheep, cow, mammal, etc.) |
| 25 | Element: Vertebrata (unknown vertebrate bone), UID (unidentified bone), Long bone (unidentified), Molar, Cranial fragment, Phalanges, Unciform (carpal), Os coxae, Vertebra, Lumbar Vertebra, Thoracic Vertebra, Cervical Vertebra, Atlas, Axis, Mandibular, Scaphoid (carpal), Femur, Rib, Calcaneus, Astragalus, Tibia, Lateral malleolus (tarsal), Cuboid (tarsal), Ectocuneiform (tarsal), Navicular (tarsal), Patella, Radioulna, Maxilla, Radius, Canine, Scapula, Epiphysis (unknown), Sternum, Sacrum, Metapodial, Humerus, Incisor, Lunar (carpal), Magnum (carpal), Trapezoid (carpal), Tibiotarsus, Tarsometatarsus, Coracoid, First tarsal, Pisiform (carpal), Carpometacarpus, Carpal, Ulna, Tooth, Cuneiform (carpal). |
| 26 | Portion: Lateral, Medial, Proximal, Distal, Dorsal, Ventral, Fragment (**Estimate percent of bone present, such 1/8, ¼, ½, ¾, etc.), Outer bone surface (periosteum), Dense outer bone (cortical or compact), Porous bone (cancellous, spongy or trabecular). |
| 27 | Reference:** Various references used to identify taxa, element, age, etc.
Altamirano Encison 1983 (cervids); Pacheco Torres, Altamirano Enciso, Guerra Porras 1979 (Camelids); deFrance 2012 (zooarch general); Pales and Lambert 1971 (mammals); Cambell 1980 (avian osteology); Rumph 1975 (osteology of White-tailed deer); Casteel, Richard 1976 (fish remains); |
| 28 | Symmetry: L (left), R (right), or A (axial). |
| 29 | Fusion: UF (unfused), PF (partially fused), or F (fused). |
| 30 | Wear: NW (no wear), LW (light wear), MW (medium wear), or HW (heavy wear). |
| 31 | Age: Immature, Juvenile, Subadult, or Adult. |
| 32 | Count: Usually, every specimen gets its own row, and hence a count of “1.” When specimens could not be identified to a particular element or species, but could be identified to a class, they were counted together and weighed together (such as Mammalia long bone fragments). Vertebrata (unidentifiable to class) was weighted but not counted. |
| 33 | Measurements: Some elements (such as otoliths or atlas vertebrate) are measured to determine approximate size of animal. Whole elements will be measured, if time allows, to help reconstruct sex/size of animal.
pw = proximal end width, pl = proximal end length, dw = distal end width, dl = distal end length, len = length of entire element. ** measurements following Kent 1982 |
| 34 | Weight (g): Similar to count. Specimens identified to element and taxa will be weighed separately, and vertebrata will be collectively weighed and not counted. |
| 35 | Notes: General notes about bone, etc. |
| 36 | Taphonomy: Weathering, Bleaching, Green color (contact with copper), Marcas de roedor (Rodent gnawing), Marcas de canino (Canine gnawing), Marcas de raíz (root etching), Marcas de corte (butchering), Quemado (burning), Pot polish, Marcas de metal (metal), Other. |
| 37 | Weathering: Based on weathering stages from Behrensmeyer (1978) – in Lyman and Fox 1989. |
| 38 | Rodent Gnawing (y/n): Presence/absence of evidence of rodent gnawing. |
| 39 | Canine gnawing (y/n): Presence/absence of evidence of canine gnawing. |
| 40 | Pathology Descrip.: Bone diseases, Fractures, Unusual wear, Dental hypoplasia. |
| 41 | Butchery Marks (y/n): Presence/absence of butchery marks. |
| 42 | Butchery Marks (description): Machetear (hack), Serruchar (saw), Cortar con cuchillo (cut)
**Cuts = small incisions with fine striations found in parallel to them (skinning and disarticulation of carcass, removal of meat for cooking and consumption (Shipman 1981). Saws = grooved and snapped areas (evidence of either primary or secondary butchering). Hacks = deep, nonsymmetrical fragmentations (Noe-Nygaard 1989; Shipman 1981) (evidence of a large instrument was employed, most likely during primary butchery.) ** Following Binford (1981), marks are classified according to their location, frequency, and morphology (as dismembering, skinning, and filleting marks.) |
| 43 | Total Cut Marks: Number of cut marks. |
| 44 | Hacks (count): Number of hack marks. |
| 45 | Sawing/slice (count): Number of sawing/slice marks. |
| 46 | Knife cuts (count): Number of cuts made by a knife. |
| 47 | Green Breaks (yes/no): A perimortem break (happening at the time of death, where the broken bone is still "living" and fresh, and the bone bends and cracks, sometimes with a spiral fracture, instead of splintering, jagged, etc.) |
| 48 | Total Green Breaks (count): Total number of green breaks. |
| 49 | Burning (yes/no): Presence/absence of evidence of burning. |
| 50 | Total Burning: Number of specimens displaying evidence of burning. |
| 51 | Burning (description): Qualitative description of burning evidence. |
| 52 | Partially Black (PB): 1/0 (indicates burning) |
| 53 | Black (B): 1/0 (indicates burning) |
| 54 | Black/White (BW): 1/0 (indicates burning) |
| 55 | White (W): 1/0 (indicates burning) |
| 56 | Metal Contact (y/n): Presence/absence of evidence of metal contact. |
| 57 | Metal Contact (description): Qualitative description of markers of metal contact. |
| 58 | Metal contact (count): Number of markers of metal contact. |
The first line of the CSV file, for example, looks like this:
9,2018-035,Excavation,1/4 in,Judgemental,C,0,Patio 5,-,-,3,-,midden,UC03-2,1 de 1,12,5.19,SAK,19/8/2018,SAK,7/11/18,Mammalia,UID,UID Mammal,long bone,fragmented,,,,,,12,,5.19,,green color,Stage 5,no,no,,no,,,,,,no,,no,,,,,,,yes,green color (copper contact),12
This means that the faunal remain comes from box 9, Inventory number 2018-035, collected through excavation, screen size used was 1/4 inch, sampling was judgemental, from sector C, locus 000, Patio 5, U.C. 03, context was a midden, in bag number UC03-2, bag 1 of 1, with a total bag count of 12 with the total bag weighing 5.19g. It was excavated by SAK on August 18, 2018 and analyzed by SAK on November 7, 2018. This is from a mammal, with an unidentifiable taxon, and given the common name of UID Mammal. It is a long bone that is fragmented This is one of 12 such unidentifiable mammalian long bones in this sample, which weigh 5.19 grams all together. In terms of taphonomy it displays a green color, and it is concistent with a weathering stage of 5. It shows no evidence of rodent or canine gnawing. It displays no evidence of butchery, green breaks, or burning. It has 12 marks of metal contact, specifically indications of green color consistent with copper contact.
Download the file FAUNAL.CSV (174 KB) or the file FAUNAL.XLSX (113 KB).